Nick的英语入门笔记-情态动词(auxv)
文章目录
概览
-
一般的情态动词都没有时态的概念,但少数有,如
be able to
,have to
。在没有时态的情态动词中,如果想要表达出时态的含义,可以加上不同的时间状语,用以区分不同时态。 -
有时态的情态动词,改变的是情态动词`,不是动词,后面依然跟的是动词原型
常用的情态动词
can 能,会 could(can的过去式) may 可以 might(may的过去式)
should 应该 must 必须 have to 不得不 dare 敢
needn't 不必 had better 最好 ought to=should be able to=can
句型结构
主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原型 + 宾语
注意这里的动词是原型
I can speak English 我能说英语(一般现在时态语境)
I could speak English 我能说英语(一般过去时态语境)
主语 + 情态动词 + be + 表语
You have to be patient 你必须得有耐心
I can be a good teacher 我会成为一个好老师
句型转变
肯定变疑问
情态动词移至句首
I can speak English --> Can you speak English?
肯定变否定
情态动词后面加not
或者加n't
,注意没有空格
can -> can't could -> couldn't ought to -> ought not to
have to -> don't have to/doesn't have to/didn't have to
should -> shouldn't must -> mustn't need -> needn't dare -> daren't
be able to -> aren't able to/wasn't able to/didn't able to/won't able to
常见情态动词解释
can
用could
表时一般过去时态,其他时态的情况下用can
-
表示能力
I can speak English I could speak English ten years ago Can you write a composition in English?
-
表示可能性
Can you help me? I can call you tomorrow. 我明天可以打电话给你
-
可能
这种意思出现在疑问和否定句中
That can't be Marry. She is in hospital. 那不可能是Marry,她现在在住院 Can he receive my email?
-
允许做某事
You can park here 你可以将车停在这儿
could
一般现在时态下的,婉转的表达方式,不作为can
的过去式。
Could you tell me how to goet the staticion? 可以告诉我怎样去车站吗?
may
可以用在一般现在时态与一般将来时态中。一般过去时态中,使用might
-
提出问题,征求别人的同意
只能用在一般疑问句中,而且主语基本上为
I
,因为其他主语时,一般用can/could you...
May I use your phone? May I come in?
-
用于陈述句,表示允许做某事
You may sleep here.
-
表示猜测,可能。
-
一般现在时态
Jack may know his secret. 杰克可能知道他的秘密
-
may
+have to
用于现在完成时态 -
may
+be
+动词现在分词
用于一般现在进行时态They may be waiting at the station. 他们也许在车站等着
-
-
祝愿,希望
-
May
+ 主语 +be
+ 表语May you be happy! 祝你开心 May God be with you! 愿上帝与你同在
-
May
+ 主语 + 动词原型 + 宾语May you have a good time 祝你玩得开心
-
must
-
肯定句中,表一定,必须.可以用在一般现在时态/一般将来时态/现在进行时态
I must learn English
-
否定句中,表一定不能做某事,禁止做某事
You mustn't take pictures here. 这里禁止拍照
-
表猜想,推测。
-
主语 + must + be + 表语
的句型结构中You must be hungry. 你一定饿了
-
主语 + must + have + 过去分词 + 宾语
主谓宾结构中,要表达猜想、猜测的意思。则需要配合现在完成时态使用
She must have been to America 她肯定去过美国了 She must have eaten dinner 她肯定吃过晚饭了
-
have to
-
肯定句中翻译不得不,
must
表主观的不得不,have to
是客观的不得不(违反后果很严重)。否定句中,则翻译成不必 -
不同时态与主语,
have to
要转变
-
一般现在时态
主语为第三人称单数时,变为
has to
。其他为have to
-
主语 + have to/has to + 动词原型 + 宾语
I have to go to work on time. 我不得不按时上班 She has to go to work on time. 她不得不按时上班 He has to take pills 他不得不吃药
-
主语 + have to/ has to + be + 表语
-
否定句
-
主语为第三人称单数: 主语后面加
doesn't have to
-
主语为非第三人称单数: 主语后面加
dont't have to
-
-
-
一般过去时态
-
主语 + have had to + 动词原型 + 宾语
You had be careful yesterday
-
主语 + had to + be + 表语
-
否定句
统一在主语后面加
didn't have to
-
-
一般将来时态
-
主语 + will + have to + 动词原型 + 宾语
We will have to take the bus tomorrow 我们明天不得不坐公交车
-
主语 + will + have to + be + 表语
-
否定句
统一在主语后面加
willn't have to
We willn't have to take the bus tomorrow 我们明天不必坐公交车
-
-
其他
-
have to
没有一般现在完成时态与一般现在进行时态 -
have got to
==have to
=='ve got to
=='ve gotta
I've gotta go now == I have to go now
-
ought to
只有肯定句与否定句,否定句中。not
放中间,变成ought not to
.没有人称变化与时态变化
We ought to get up early
We ought not to get up early tomorrow
We ought to be careful
- ought to + have + 动词的过去分词 表虚拟语气
should
应该。没有人称变化与时态变化。有一般疑问句
We should help the poor people.
Should we help the old man?
dare
在肯定句中,dare
为实义动词。在疑问句,否定句,条件句里面做情态动词。dare
没有人称变化,有一个过去时态的dared
文章作者 UnknowName
上次更新 2022-08-13