构成方式

特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句

常用疑问词

where

在特殊疑问句中,可以做地点状语,表语

where做地点状语

在做地点状语时,一般出现在主谓宾结构的句子中。要注意时态的变化

  • 一般现在时态

    • where + do + 非第三人称单数主语 + 谓语 + (宾语) + (时间状语)

        Where do you work every day?   你在哪里工作?
      
    • where + does + 第三人称人单数主语 + 谓语 + (宾语) + (时间状语)

        Where does he work?   他在哪里工作?
      
  • 一般过去时态

    where + did + 主语 + 谓语(动词原型)+ (宾语) + (时间状语)

      Where did you learn English last year?
    
      Where did she work last year?  她去接在哪里工作?
    
  • 一般将来时态

    be going to == wil

    • where + will + 主语 + 谓语(动词原型)+ (宾语) + (时间状语)

        Where will you have your wedding next year?
      
    • where + is/am/are + 主语 + to + 谓语(动词原型)+ (宾语) + (时间状语)

        Where is you going to have your wedding next year?
      
  • 一般进行时态

    where + is/am/are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + (宾语)

      Where is she learning English?
    
  • 现在完成时态(较少使用)

    where + has/have + 主语 + 动词过去分词

      Where has she bought a house?  她已经在哪里买了房子?
    
      Where have you bought a house?
    

where做表语

where(表语) + be + 主语 + (状语)

is/am/are 根据后面的主语来决定
  • 一般现在时态

    where + is/am/are + 主语

      where are you?
    
      where is your friend?
    
      where are your frineds?
    
      where is she?
    
  • 一般过去时态

    where + was/were + 主语

      Where were you last night?
      Where was she just now?
    
  • 一般将来时态

    where + will be + 主语 / where + will + 主语 + be

      Where will be my car?  这种较常见
      Where will my car be?
    

what

what在特殊疑问句里面,做宾语,表语主语

what做宾语

在这种用法下,what特殊疑问句中,必须出现及物动词

  • 一般现在时态

    主语为第三人称单数时,用does,非第三人称单数时用do

    what + do/does + 主语 + 及物动词原型 + (宾语)

      What do you do?   他在做什么?
      What does she do? 她在做什么?
    
  • 一般过去时态

    what + did + 主语 + 及物动词原型 + (宾语)

      What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么?
      What did he learn last year? 他去年学了什么?
    
  • 一般将来时态

    what + will + 主语 + 及物动词原型 + (宾语)

      What will we eat tomorrow?  明天我们吃什么?
      What will they learn tomorrow? 明天他们要学什么?
    

    what + is/am/are + 主语 + going to + 及物动词原型 + (宾语)

      What is she going to lear next week?
    
  • 一般进行时态

    要注意及物动词是要表示动作持续的才能用在进行时态里面

    what + is/am/are + 主语 + 及物动词现在分词

      What are you doing?
      What is she thinking?
    
  • 现在完成时态

    what + has/have + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词

      What have you done? 你到底做了什么?
      What has she  done?
    

what做表语

做表语一般就是用在一般现在时态,其他时态较少使用

  • 一般现在时态

    what + is/am/are + 主语

    主语一般用普通名词/抽象名词

      What is this tool?
      What is this beautiful thing?  这个漂亮的东西是什么?
      What is the name of this song? 这首歌的名字是什么?
    

why

一般做状语,原因状语

主谓宾句型

  • 一般现在时态

    why + do/does + 主语 + 动词原型 + 宾语

      Why do you learn English?
      Why does she learn Engish?
    
  • 一般过去时态

    why + did + 主语 + 动词原型 + 宾语

      Why did you tell me this story?
    
  • 一般将来时态

    why + will + 主语 + 动词原型 + 宾语

    why + is/am/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原型 + 宾语

  • 现在进行时态

    why + is/am/are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + 宾语

      Why is she singing?
    

主系表句型

why作状语
  • 一般现在时态

    why + is/am/are + 主语 + 表语

      Why are you so sad now? 你为什么如此伤心?
    
  • 一般过去时态

    why + was/were + 主语 + 表语

why作主语

做主语时,一般翻译成何必

whose

whose本身是定语,作为特殊疑问词使用时,需要搭建一个名词,组成复合疑问词,即whose + 名词。这个复合疑问词可以做宾语、表语、主语

whose + 名词中,名词可以是可数单数、可数复数、不可数名词。不能是专用名词

whose + 名词作宾语

做宾语,则需要一个及物动词。因此句型为:

  • 一般现在时态/过去时态/将来时态。助动词根据不同时态变换

    whose + 名词(整体作为宾语) + 助动词 + 主语 + 及物动词原型

      一般现在时态
      Whose carrot does the rabbit eat?
      Whose book do you like?  你喜欢谁的书?
      Whose songs does she listen to? 她在听谁的歌?
      一般过去时态
      Whose book did she like before? 她以前喜欢谁的书?
      Whose lesson did you learn last year? 去年你学谁的课?
      一般将来时态
      Whose car will you driver tomorrow? 你明天会开谁的车?
      Whose car are you going to driver tomorrow? (be going to格式)
    
  • 一般完成时态

    whose + 名词(整体作为宾语) + has/have + 主语 + 及物动词过去分词

      Whose purse have you taken? 你拿走了谁的钱包?
      Whose juice has she drunk?  她喝了谁的果汁?
    
  • 一般现在进行时态

    whose + 名词(整体作为宾语) + is/are + 主语 + 及物动词现在分词

      Whose food are you eating?
    

whose + 名词作表语

whose + 名词 + be + 主语

Whose car is this? 这是谁的车?
Whose book is it? 这是谁的书?
Whose cars are they? 那些都是谁的车?

也可以直接做表语,但是句型就是

whose + be + 主语(名词/形容词/介词短语)

Whose is this car? 这是谁的车?

以上两者表达的意思是一样的。

when

在特殊疑问句里面,做时间状语和表语。不能用于现在进行时态,现在完成时态

when做时间状语

  • when + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原型(主谓宾)

    When will you go to Shanghai? 你打算什么时候去上海? When does she get up every morning? 她每天早上什么时候起床? When did you get married? 你什么时候结婚的?

  • when + will + 主语 + be + 表语(主系表)

    做时间状态的主系表结构中,一般用于一般将来时态.be动词使用原型

      When will you be famous?  你什么时候会出名?
      When will she be a doctor? 她什么时候会成为一名医生?
    

when做表语

when + be + 主语

实际生活中使用的较少

When is your birthday? 你生日是什么时候?

whom

who的宾格。因此只能做为宾语使用

  • whom + 助动词 + 主语 + 及物动词原型

    Who will you kill tomorrow?
    Who did you admire? 你曾以敬佩谁?
    Who do they find? 他们在找谁?
    
  • whom + has/have + 主语 + 及物动词过去分词

    Who has he fallen in love with? 他已经爱上了谁?
    
  • whom + is/am/are + 主语 + 及物动词现在分词

    Who are you talking about? 你正在和谁交谈?
    

which

which本身做定语,需要配合名词作为复合疑问词,但是可以和which配合的名词一般是可数名词的单数

在特殊疑问句里面做宾语。

  • which + 可数名词单数 + 助动词 + 主语 + 及物动词原型

    Which girl do you like?  你喜欢那一个女孩?
    Which girl does he like? 他喜欢那一个女孩?
    Which car will you buy?  你将会买那辆车?
    
  • which + 可数名词单数 + is/are + 主语 + 及物动词现在分词

  • which + 可数名词单数 + has/have + 主语 + 及物动词过去分词

    Which movie have you watched? 你哪部电影你看过了?
    

how

最主要的作用作表语

how作表语

how + be + 表语

How are you?
How is your brother?
How are your kids?

how做方式状语

  • how + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原型

    How do you learn English?
    How does she go to work?
    How did you learn English last year?
    How will they play games tomorrow?
    

其他时态很少出现

how后面可以跟形容词和副词,组成新的复合疑问词,如how long

how long

how long做时间状语

主要用于现在完成时态里面,表示动作和状态延续

  • how long + has/have + 主语 + 表示延续性的动词过去分词 + 宾语

    How long has she learned English?
    
  • how long + has/have + 主语 + been + 表语

    How long have you been a teacher?
    

how long做表语

做表语时需要倒装,表示事物的长度

  • how long + is/am/are + 主语

    How long is your hair?
    

how far

how far + is/am/are + 主语

 How far is your home?
 How far is your home from your school?

how much/how many

  • how much + is/am/are + 主语(名词)

    表多少钱

     How much is the joy? 这个玩具多少钱?
    

how much修饰不可数名词,how many修饰可数名词和复数。它们本身为定语,所以要组成复合疑问词,需要加上相应格式的名词(how much + 不可数名词/how many + 可数名词复数),整体在疑问句中做宾语与主语

宾语

  • how much + 不可数名词/how many + 可数名词复数 + 助动词 + 主语 + 及物动词原型
  • how much + 不可数名词/how many + 可数名词复数 + has/have + 主语 + 及物动词过去分词
  • how much + 不可数名词/how many + 可数名词复数 + is/am/are + 主语 + 及物动词现在分词

主语

  • how many + 可数名词复数 + are/were there + 地点状语

    How many people are there in the park?  公园里面有多少人?
    How many people were there in park yestertoday? 昨天公园里面有多少人?
    
  • how much + 不可数名词 + is/was there + 地点状语 + 时间状语

    How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里面有多少钱?
    

how often

表频率,做状语,主要用于一般现在时态。

  • how often + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原型

    How often do you go home? 你多久回家一次?
    How often does he go home?
    

疑问词做主语

能做主语的疑问词有:

what+名词  which+名词 whose+名词  how many+名词  how much+名词 who what

who/what做主语时,为第三人称单数

主谓宾

疑问词 + 谓语 + 宾语

谓语动词根据不同时态做相应改变

 Which boss has a car?
 Which student made a mistake just now? 刚才那个学生犯了一个错误?
 Which student ate my bread? 哪个学生吃了我的面包?

who + 谓语动词第三人称单数格式 + 宾语

who做主语时,是作为第三人称单数使用

  Who loves me?
  Who hited he yesterday? 昨天谁打了他?
  Who will bake the cacke tomorrow? 明天谁要烤这个蛋糕?
  Who is talking? 谁在说话?
  Who has ate my cacke? 谁吃了我蛋糕?

what + 特定及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

  What make you unhappy?
  What made you unhappy just now? 刚才是什么让你不高兴?
  What is it? 这是什么?
  What are you? 你做什么工作的?

主系表

疑问词 + be + 表语(形容词或者介词短语)才是做主语。如果后面跟的是名词/人称代词主格,那疑问词做的是表语

Who are you?,who做表语,you为主语。

who

 Who is the most beautiful girl in the class? 谁是最漂亮的女孩?
 Who is the fattest? 谁最胖?
 Who was in my room last night? 昨晚谁在我房间里面?

what

what一般不能直接修饰表人的名词,一般用what kind of + 表示人的名词

  What is the most important in life? 生命中什么最重要?